Opdivo (Nivolumab) vs Gavreto (pralsetinib)
Opdivo (Nivolumab) vs Gavreto (pralsetinib)
Opdivo (nivolumab) is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that works by blocking the PD-1 pathway, which can help the immune system detect and fight cancer cells, and is used for various types of cancer, including melanoma, lung cancer, and kidney cancer. Gavreto (pralsetinib) is a targeted therapy specifically designed to inhibit RET proteins, which are involved in cell growth, and is used for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a RET gene fusion. The choice between Opdivo and Gavreto would depend on the specific type of cancer a patient has and its genetic makeup; for instance, Gavreto would be considered if the cancer has a RET gene alteration, while Opdivo could be used for a broader range of cancers but would be chosen based on different biomarkers or clinical factors.
Difference between Opdivo and Gavreto
| Metric | Opdivo (Nivolumab) | Gavreto (pralsetinib) |
|---|---|---|
| Generic name | Nivolumab | Pralsetinib |
| Indications | Various types of cancers including melanoma, lung cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, and others | RET-altered thyroid cancers and non-small cell lung cancer |
| Mechanism of action | PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor that promotes T-cell response against cancer cells | RET kinase inhibitor that blocks cancer cell proliferation |
| Brand names | Opdivo | Gavreto |
| Administrative route | Injection (Intravenous) | Oral |
| Side effects | Fatigue, rash, musculoskeletal pain, pruritus, diarrhea, nausea, and others | Constipation, hypertension, fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and others |
| Contraindications | Known hypersensitivity to nivolumab or any of its excipients | Known hypersensitivity to pralsetinib or any of its excipients |
| Drug class | Immune checkpoint inhibitor | Tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| Manufacturer | Bristol-Myers Squibb | Blueprint Medicines Corporation in collaboration with Genentech (a member of the Roche Group) |
Efficacy
Efficacy of Opdivo (Nivolumab) in Lung Cancer
Opdivo (nivolumab) is a programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) blocking antibody indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors express PD-L1, as determined by an FDA-approved test. The efficacy of Opdivo in lung cancer has been demonstrated in multiple clinical trials. For instance, the CheckMate-057 trial showed that Opdivo improved overall survival in patients with advanced NSCLC who had progressed during or after platinum-based chemotherapy compared to docetaxel. Patients treated with Opdivo experienced a median overall survival of 12.2 months, compared to 9.4 months for those treated with docetaxel.
Additionally, Opdivo has been studied in combination with other therapies. The CheckMate-227 trial evaluated the efficacy of Opdivo in combination with ipilimumab, another immune checkpoint inhibitor, in patients with advanced NSCLC. The results indicated that the combination improved progression-free survival in patients with a high tumor mutational burden compared to chemotherapy alone. These findings have expanded the use of Opdivo in the treatment of NSCLC, offering an alternative for patients who may not respond to traditional chemotherapies.
Efficacy of Gavreto (pralsetinib) in Lung Cancer
Gavreto (pralsetinib) is a selective RET kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic RET fusion-positive NSCLC. The efficacy of Gavreto was evaluated in the ARROW trial, a multicenter, open-label, multi-cohort clinical trial. In this trial, Gavreto demonstrated a high response rate in patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC. The overall response rate was reported to be approximately 57%, with 5.7% of patients achieving a complete response and 51% achieving a partial response. The median duration of response was not reached, indicating that the responses were durable.
Furthermore, Gavreto has shown activity in patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC who were previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy as well as in the first-line setting. This has provided an important targeted therapy option for patients with this specific genetic alteration, which is present in a subset of NSCLC patients. The targeted nature of Gavreto allows for a more personalized approach to lung cancer treatment, focusing on the underlying genetic drivers of the disease.
Regulatory Agency Approvals
Opdivo
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European Medical Agency (EMA), European Union
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Food and Drug Administration (FDA), USA
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Health Canada
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Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), Japan
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Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), Australia
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Medsafe (NZ)
Gavreto
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European Medical Agency (EMA), European Union
-
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), USA
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If Opdivo or Gavreto are not approved or available in your country (e.g. due to supply issues), you can access them via Everyone.org.
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